### Understanding X Efficiency in Economics Much weight is put on efficiency within the scope of economics: how resources are put to good use in attaining desirable maximum outputs. Precisely, X efficiency is a type of efficiency studied in economics. Harvey Leibenstein first coined this term in the 1960s. X efficiency refers to how well a firm is using its resources relatively to its maximum efficiency potential, given the existing market and organizational constraints. #### What is X Efficiency By its very definition, x-efficiency is understood as the level of efficiency the firm is working out through its productive connection within the status it is is put in. On the one side, we have allocative efficiency meaning giving out resources in a way that match the consumer's choice. And, on the other, we have technical efficiency, which means producing the maximum output given the inputs. Likened, x-efficiency refers to the way the firms' internal affairs are manipulated. #### F...
Key Highlights from the 53rd GST Council Meeting** On June 22, 2024, the 53rd GST Council meeting, chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, addressed several significant issues affecting taxation and public services in India. Here are the key announcements and decisions made during the session: **1. GST Rate on Milk Cans:** Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a uniform GST rate of 12% for all milk cans, regardless of whether they are made of steel, iron, or aluminum. This move aims to streamline taxation in the dairy sector. **2. Petrol and Diesel under GST:** The council reiterated its intent to bring petrol and diesel under the GST regime, pending consensus among states on the applicable tax rate. This decision could potentially simplify indirect taxation and fuel pricing mechanisms in the country. **3. Indian Railways Services:** In a bid to ease financial burdens on passengers, the council approved GST exemption on platform tickets for Indian Railways service...